Quais são os tipos de dialisadores?
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2021-12-01
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LEPU
O dialisador consiste em uma membrana dialítica e sua estrutura de suporte para substituir o rim. A membrana de diálise é a parte principal do dialisador, que separa o sangue do dialisado. Durante a diálise, o sangue e o dialisado fluem em direções opostas em ambos os lados da membrana, e a água e os solutos são trocados através da membrana semipermeável. O desempenho do dialisador determina o efeito do tratamento dialítico e é um importante fator de referência para o desenvolvimento de programas de hemodiálise.
The characteristics of the Hemodialisador are composed of two parts: design characteristics and working characteristics. Design features include the configuration of the Dialisador, the pre-charge of the blood chamber and the dialysate chamber, the type of membrane, and the biocompatibility. Working characteristics include the transfer rate of different solutes and water. There are several classification methods for Dialisadors.
-Ⅰ. Classificação de acordo com a configuração do dialisador
Dialyzers are divided into tube type, flat type, and hollow fiber type. At present, the commonly used Dialisadors are hollow fiber type, and the flat-type and tube-type Dialisadors used in the early days have been basically eliminated.
The Dialisador fibra oca is composed of 8000-12000 hollow fibers, the fiber inner diameter is 200-300um, and the wall thickness is 2-30um. The hollow fibers are bundled into bundles and placed in the formed Dialisador casing, and the casing and the dialyzing membrane are sealed with polyurethane. The blood flows through the hollow fibers, and the dialysate flows in the opposite direction outside the fibers.
Ⅱ. Classificação de acordo com o material de membrana do dialisador
De acordo com o material da membrana, os dialisadores podem ser divididos em 4 categorias:
1. Regenerated cellulose membrane Dialisador, including copper imitation membrane and copper ammonia membrane Dialisador. There are free hydroxyl groups on the surface of cellulose, which can react with blood components and has poor biocompatibility. After the Cupra treatment, the fiber surface is smoother and the biocompatibility is improved.
2. Acetate cellulose membrane Dialisador. The cellulose is acetylated before the film is formed, which improves the biocompatibility and performance of the film.
3. Replace the fiber membrane Dialisador. Blood imitation membrane is an alternative copper imitation membrane because its surface-free hydroxyl groups are covered by tertiary ammonia compounds, which have good biocompatibility.
4. Synthetic fiber membrane Dialisador. Materials for this Dialisador include polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polysulfone, polycarbonate, polyethylene, and polyamide. They have a higher transport coefficient and ultrafiltration coefficient, better biocompatibility, but a higher price.
Ⅲ. Classificação de acordo com o coeficiente de ultrafiltração do dialisador
According to the ultrafiltration coefficient, there are two different Tipos do dialisador:
1. Low ultrafiltration coefficient Dialisador. Ultrafiltration coefficient <15ml/(mmHg.h㎡), including copper imitation membrane, cuprammonium membrane, blood imitation membrane, and cellulose acetate membrane.
2. High-throughput and high-efficiency Dialisador. Ultrafiltration coefficient> 15 ml/(mmHg.h㎡), has a very high removal rate for medium molecular weight substances and can remove large molecular weight β2-microglobulin and other macromolecular substances. Typical high-efficiency Hemodialisadors include polysulfone membrane series, PAN membrane, PMMA membrane, and cellulose acetate membrane Dialisador.
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